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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUS OAHILL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AsSIcNoR To HIMSELF, AMOS J. CUMMINGS, GEORGE F. OAHILL, ARTHUR T. CAHILL, AND E. HILTON JAoKsoN, TRUSTEES.

TYPE-WRITING M-ACHIN E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 600,120, dated March 1, 1898. Application filed October 21 1896. $erial No. 609,489, (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THADDE S OAHI L, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York,

5 temporarily residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, Type-Setting Machines, Linotyping-Machines, and other Similar Instruro ments, of which improvements the following is a specification.

The objects of my inventionare to increase the ease and rapidity with which work can be done upon a machine of the sort hereinbefore mentioned; and my invention consists in the parts, improvements, and combinations hereinafter described and claimed.

I shall first describe my invention as applied to a type-writing machine and after that will point out how it may be applied to typesetting machines, linotyping-machines, and other similar instruments.

My invention as applied to a type-writing machine relates more particularly to two essential features, to wit: (a) to an improved form of permutational character selecting mechanism, and (b) to two sets of type-bars and means controlling the same, whereby two letters may be printed at the same time, the 0 type-bars striking the paper at or about the same instant. Both these features belong to the preferred form of machine illustrated in the drawings; but each is capable of being used entirely independently of the other, and 3 5 the permutational character selecting mechanism constituting a part of my present invention is applicable generally to linotypemachines, matrix-making machines, and a number of other instruments, as Well as to 4o type-writing machines.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagrammatic view illustrating the electrical connections of one form of apparatus constructed according to my invention, the keys being shown in plan. 1 Fig. 1 is a View similar to Fig. 1, illustrating a modification. Fig.

2 is a diagrammatic plan view, partly in section, illustrating the selecting mechanism, the paper-carriage, with the whole of the upper portion of the machine being removed and the keys and various other parts being omitted. Fig. 2 isa diagrammatic plan view illustrating the two sets of type-bars, to wit: the set of type-bars a a, adapted to be operated by the left hand, and the set of type-bars a a, adapted to be operated by the right hand, the bars of each set being arranged to strike to a printing-point common to the bars of such set and the printing-points of the two sets of bars. being arranged adjacent to each other. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on the line m m, Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional elevation illustrating two type-bars, to wit:- one belonging to the lefthand or quick-acting set of type-bars and the other, belonging to the right-hand or slowacting set of type-bars, each in its own proper printing position. Fig. 4 is a sectional View, partlyin elevation, on the line 3 y, Fig. 2. Fig.f5 is a diagrammatic view, a detail rear elevation,illustratingthespacing mechanism. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view, a sectional elevation similar to Fig. 3, illustratinga modified construction. Fig. 7 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, illustrating one of my permutational characterselecting devices connected to operate the escapement or releasing devicesof a Mergenthaler linotypemachine. Fig. 8 is a View similar to the preceding, but illustratinga simplerconstruction of the parts.

The drawings illustrate the essential features of the construction figured in them without'attempting to show all the usual details well known in the art; nor do they attempt to show sizes and proportions of parts. Some of the figures are indeed quite diagrammatic, Sacrificing to some extent form and proportion and occasionally even the relative positions of the parts to a clearer illuso trationof the essentials of the construction. This is particularly true of Fig. 1. Enough, in short, is shown to clearly illustrate the essential features of the construction, and no I effort is made to show non-essential details of 5 construction which are entirely within the range of ordinary mechanical skill and which every constructor makes to suit himself.

The preferred form of type-writing machine illustrated in Figs. lto 5 consists, essentially, 10o

bars above mentioned, the two sets of keys being adapted to be operated simultaneously by the operator for the making of two letters at the same time, one letter from each set of keys; (0) two permutational selecting devices, one for each set of keys, each such permutational selecting device being controlled by its own set of keys and serving to connect such keys with the corresponding set of typebars; (6) releasing mechanism whereby the type-bars are left free to return to their normal positions after they have printed their letters, notwithstanding the fact that the keys which have caused them to act are still held down by the operator; (f) means whereby the two letters which are produced substantially simultaneously are made to printone a very short interval of time before the other, so that interference between the bars when coming into position to print is avoided; (g) a suitable paper-carriage, and (h) spacing mechanism, whereby the requisite spaces between the successive letters and words are obtained. The ribbon mechanism,alarm-bell,interlinear spacing mechanism, and other minor details, of which many forms are well known in the art and no particular one of which is essential to my invention, are not illustrated.

Such is the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 5 in illustration of my invention as applied to a type-writing machine; but some of the parts above enumerated may be omit-ted and many modifications may be made without departing from certain important points of my invention, hereinafter fully described and distinctly claimed, and at the outset I wish it to be understood thatin'describing the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 I am describing the construction of my preferred form of type-writing machine, so as to enable any person skilled in the art to carry out the invention in that mode which I consider as on the whole best, but that I am not setting out the dry essentials of the invention or distinguishing between what is new and what is old, such pointing out of the essentials of my invention and distinguishing between what is new and what is old being done in thelatter part of this specification after the form of device figured in the drawings has been fully explained.

T he mainframa l he main frame consists of a bed-plate 1, a top plate 2, four columns 3 3 3 3, attached to the bed-plate and serving to support the top plate, and front and back bars 5 5, attached to the columns 3 3 and serving to furnish a support for various rock-shafts and other parts hereinafter described. To theprincipal parts above mentioned of the main frame other parts are attached, as illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter depieces I) b c c, &c., as the case may be.

scribed. Thus rails 6 6, lying transverse to the length of the platen and parallel with the length of the keys, are screwed fast to the columns 3 3 and serve to support flanges e by which the frames e, 6, e e 6, e e, and c hereinafter described, are fulcrumed. Other rails 6 6, lying parallel to the rails 6 6 above described, serve to support the ends of said frames 6 e e 0 820., when said frames are in their normal positions. Rails 7 7, (omitted in Fig. 2, but shown in Fig. 3,) lying parallel to the rails 6 6 and (3 6, but supported by the front and back bars 5 5, serve to support pinsf f to which the fixed ends of the contractile springs f f hereinafter described, (by which the type-bars are returned to their normal positions,) are secured.

Other'rails 8 8, (also omitted in Fig. 2,) likewise attached to the front and back bars 5 5 and lying parallel to the rails 6 6, G 6, and 7 7, serve to carry guide-pins f f by which the type-bar-connected levers f f, hereinafter described, are kept each in its proper lateral position. Fulcrum-bars 11 11, extending transverse to the keys, are attached to the bed-plate and serve to support the fulcrum- .pins 10 10, by which the various keys are centered. A bar of insulating material 12, suitably attached to the bed-plate, serves to carry the contact-springs b b c c, &c., hereinafter described, and a similar bar 13, covered with felt on its lower surface and suitably attached to the bed-plate, lies above the front ends of said contact-springs b b c c, &c., a short 'distance and serves to arrest the motion of the keys when the same are depressed in front of the center and after they have established connection with the corresponding contact- To the top plate 2 the various type-bar hangers, the paper-carriage, and the inking-ribbon mechanism (the last of which is not shown in the drawings) are attached in any suitable manner-say, for example, after the fashion employed in the machine long well known in the art and trade as the Remington Standard Type-WVriter No. 2 or in any other known or suitable manner. The top plate 2 is furnished with a downward extension A, to which the spacing mechanism is attached in a manner hereinafter described. Other details of the framework will be described hereinafter.

The two sets of iype-bars.-I have said that I employ two sets of type-bars, the bars of each set being disposed around an arc and arranged so that they strike to a printingpoint common to the set, the printing-points 0f the two sets being adjacent to each other. The construction is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, which are sectional views. a, a are the type-bars of the one set,controlled by the keys of the left-hand set, and a a are the typebars of the other set, controlled by the keys of the right-hand set. 'The dotted lines in Fig. 4, drawn fromlthe type-bars a a to the printing-point A, common to such bars, are

intended to illustrate the fact that all the bars of a set strike to a printing-point common to such set, and the similar dotted lines in Fig. 3, drawn from the type-bars a and a, respectively, to the printing-points A and A, belonging, respectively, to the left-hand and right-hand sets of bars, are intended to illus-' trate the fact that the printing-points of the two sets of type-bars are adjacent to each other along the line of printing a distance apart equal to oueletter-space, so that when letters are printed simultaneously, one from the set of bars a a and the other from the set of bars a a, the two letters thus printed stand in proper consecutive order upon the line of printing, the letter printed byv the bar a standing first in the line and that printed by the bar a' following it in proper order.

The two sets of keys-It has been said that there are two sets of keys controlling the two sets of type-bars, the two sets of keys being adapted to be operated simultaneously by the operator for the making of twoletters at the same time, one letter from each set of keys. The two sets of keys are similar, so

that a description of one set is a description of both sets. Each set, as figured in the drawings, consists of (a) three keys marked, respectively, B, B and B which, with a frame B, controlled by said keys B, B and B control four frames, (1, d, 61 and d ,hereinafter described, belonging to the permutational selecting device proper to such set of keys; (1)) seven keys, 0, O O O O O and 0 which, with a frame 0, controlled by said keys 0 C 850., control theeight frames 6, e, e e e e e", and c hereinafter described, which coact with the four frames d, 01, (Z and .61 before mentioned, in selecting letters, as hereinafter described, and (c) a space-key G. For convenience sake the keys B, B and B will sometimes be termed hereinafter the- B-group keys or the keys of the B group, and the keys 0 C C C C C and C will sometimes be termed hereinafter the keys of the C group or the F 0-. group keys.

The keys are preferably arranged somewhat like those of a pianof'orte, as illustrated in the drawings. (See Fig. 1,.) They may be centered by means of pins 10 10, driven into a fulcrum-bar 11, as in a pianoforte, or they may be fulcrumed in any other suitable manner whatever. The rear ends of the keys rest normally down upon a felted bar 12, Fig. 4. The frames B and C and the electrical connections will be described after the essential parts of the selecting device have been described.

The permutattonal selecting devices.-The function of the permutational selecting devices is to enable a large number of letters to be made by a smaller number of keys. There are two such selecting devices, one for the right-hand set ofkeys and the other for the left-hand set of keys. The two devices are similar, so that a description of vone is a description of both. (See particularly Figs. 2

and 3.) (1, d 01 and d are frames corresponding, respectively, to the three keys B B B and the frame B. Said frames, as illustrated in the drawings, consist each of a center rod or shaft and a bent side and end portion firmly attached to the center rod. The center rod is fulcrumed by means of pointed screws (1 01 set in the front and back bars 5 5 and held in place by lock-nuts. e, 6 e e e e, e", and e are other frames or levers corresponding, respectively, to the keys 0 O C C O O C and the frame 0. The frames d, d 01 and d are each operated by electromagnets D, D D and D, hereinafter described, controlled, respectively, by the. keys B B B and the frame B. In like manner the other frames or levers 6, e e e e e c 'and e are operated by other electromagnets E. E E E E E E and E, controlled, respectively, by the keys 0 O C C C C O and the frame 0.

f f f f are levers corresponding to the typebars of the set which they control, and said levers f f f f are connected each by a pulldown wire 71, attached to one end of said lever f,with the corresponding type-bar. The other end of each of said levers f f f f-that isto say, the end of said lever remotefrom the end to which the pull-down wire h is connected is pin-jointed to one of the frames 6, e, 6 e e e e, or 6 four of said levers f f f f being pin-jointed to each of said frames e, 6 e e e e", and e and three to the frame 6. The frames at, d, (P, and d overlie the levers ff intermediate the points at which said levers are connected ((1) with the frames 6, e, 6 e 6 6 ,6 or 6 as the case may be, and (b) with the pull-down wires 72 h, by which said levers are connected, it will be remem- ICC bered, with the type-bars. Said levers f f f f are operated each bythe conjoint action of some one of the frames (1, d, 61 and d cor-- responding to the B-group keys and some one of the frames e, e, e e e e c and c corresponding to the O-group keys, and each different lever f is operated by a differentcom and the other to the group of frames 6, 6, e e e e 'e, and 6 (corresponding to the 0- group keys) operates a different lever and thereby a different type-bar.

Each of the frames ct, d, 01 and d? aifects' one of the levers f f f f connected with each of the frames e, 6, e e e e 6 and 67, (except that the frame at, for reasons which will appear hereinafter, does not affect any of the levers fff connected with the frame 6,) and in each group of leversffffbelonging to one of the frames e e 6 850., each of the frames d, d, (1 and d affects a different leverffrom what any other one of said frames affects. To this end a'projection f is attached to each of the levers f f, &c., immediately underneath that one of the frames d,

d, (1 or d which is designed to operate the particular lever f to which such projection is attached. The top surfaces of said projections f f stand above the top surfaces of the levers f f a distance somewhat greater than the maximum movement of the levers f f or of the frames d, d, (1 and (Z at that point,

so that any particular lever in one of the.

groups of levers f f carried by one of the frames 6, 6, c e e e e, and (2 can coact with the corresponding frame (I, d, 61 or (Z as the case may be, without affecting or being affected by any other of said frames.

In my preferred construction the frames d, 61, (Z and (1 lie normally with their lower surfaces in close proximity to the upper surfaces of the projections f f, attached to the levers f f. Contractile springs f f, which are attached at one end to the levers f f at the points at which said levers are connected by the couplings f with the pull-down wires-h h and at the other end to pins f f driven into the bars 7 7, (which latter extend across the machine from the front bar 5 to the back bar 5,) serve to pull upwardly upon each of the levers f f with a force greater than is required to lift one of the frames at cl 01 d Vhen, therefore, any of the frames 6, 0, e e e", e, e, and e is tilted by the action of the magnet E E E &c., controlling it, so that the end of said frame connected with the levers f f is raised, each of said levers ff connected with the frame that is tilted will move upon its pointof connection with the pulldown wire h as a fulcrum and will raise that one of the frames cl, d, (P, or d which lies over it (supposing said frame to be not held down by the action of the appropriate magnet D, D, D or- D as the case may be) without at all affecting the pull-down wires h h or the type-bars with which said pulldown wires connect said levers ff; but if when any of said frames e e 6 &c., is tilted in the manner above described any one of the frames d, d, 61 or d be held at rest (by the action of the appropriate magnet D, D, D or D or in any other suitable manner) such frame so held at rest will give a ful crum to that one of the levers f lying under it which is raised by the frames 6, 6, e e e e e, or e that is tilted, said lever will move upon its point of bearing on said frame so -held at rest, d, (1, (1 or 01 as the case may be, as a fulcrum, and the end of said lever f, connected with the pull-down wire h, will move down, thus, through the pull-down wire h, throwing up the corresponding typebar, so that said type-bar prints its proper character; but the other three frames of the set of frames d, d, (1 and d which are not held down will be raised by the levers f f f underlying them, and the type-bars corresponding to such levers fff will be in no wise affected. Thus, it will be seen, each of the frames e, 6 e 6, e e, and e serves for the printing of four different letters, one by the coaction of the frame d when said frame is held at rest, one by the coaction of the frame d when said frame is held at rest, another by the coaction of the frame (1 when said frame is held at rest, and a fourth character by the'action of the frame 61 when said frame is held at rest; but the frame e serves for the printing of three characters only, to wit: one by the coaction of the frame d, another by the coaction of the frame (1 and a third by the coaction of the frame (1 In other words, the frame e, unlike the frames e, 6 e e e e, and c and for reasons which will clearly appear hereinafter, has no lever f adapted to coact with the frame d.

In the preferred construction illustrated in the drawings electromagnets D, D D and D, connected with the frames d, d (l and (Z, respectively, and controlled by the keys B B B and the frame B, respectively, serve to hold said frames at rest, each as required, with the magnet-connected arm (1 held fast down upon the stop d", so that the frame thus held at rest affords an effective fulcrum to the lever f in moving its type-bar, and electromagnets E, E E E, E, E E and E, controlled, respectively, by the keys C O C C O C C and the frame C, are connected, respectively, with and serve to operate the frames 6', e e c c, e e and e; but very obviously said frames (1, (1, (Z and d and e, 6, e e e 6 e, and 0 might be operated in other ways than by means of electromagnets. Very obviouslyeach of said frames might, for example, be operated by a key of its own, each key acting upon its controlled frame entirely independently of electromagnets or other power devices.

I prefer, as before said, to have the frames d, (1, 1 and (1 lie in their normal positions, with their lower faces in close proximity to the upper surfaces of the projections f f, attached to the type-bar-connected levers ff, so that when any one of said frames d, d, (Z and d is held down it furnishes an eifective fulcrum for the lever f underlying it, raised by the action of the proper frame e e 6 &c., and so that such of said frames (Z, (1, 61 and d as are not held down are lifted by the raising of those leversfff lying underneath them which are raised by the action of that one of the frames (3 e 6 &c., which acts to make a letter; but instead of employing this arrangement the frames cl, d, (P, and (1 may be made to lie each normally with its lower surface above the top surfaces of the projectionsf f a distance as great as or slightly greater than the distance which such projectionsff are lifted by the tilting of the frames 0 6 6 &c., and each of the frames (1, d, (1 and (1 when it acts for the printing of a letter may be pulled down from such (its normal) positioneither by an electromagnet, as illustrated in the drawings, or in any other suitable manner, so that it will press down upon the leverfto be operated in the middle at the same time that said lever f is raised at one end by the action of the corresponding frame 6 e 6 &c., as the case may be.

It has now been made clear that each different combination of two frames belonging one to the group of frames at, d, 01 and d and the other to the group of frames (2, 6, e e e e a, and e actuates a different one of the type-bar-connected levers f f f and a different type-bar, thereby printing a different character. This statement, however, is to be taken subject to the-exception that the frames 61 and e, for reasons which will clearly appear hereinafter, are not adapted to act together in printing a character, the frame e carrying but three of the levers fff, which serve for the frames d, d and d respectively, no le ver f being furnished by the frame 6 for the frame d to act upon.

It remains to describe the mechanism by which the keys control the frames d, d, 61 and d and e, e, 6 e e e e, and e I shall first describe the arrangement of the lefthand keys, with their electrical connections, after which the arrangement of the righthand keys and connections, being in most respects similar to those of the left-hand keys,

will be easily explained.

The electrical connections. Electromagnets D, D, D and D as before said, control the frames (1, d, CF, and d respectively, and other electromagnets E, E, E E E E E and E respectively, as before said, serve tocontrol the frames e, e, e e e e e", and 6 respectively. The construction of these magnets is fully illustrated in the drawings and will be referred to hereinafter; but itis suificient for my present purposes to call attention to the fact thateach consists, essentially, of (a) a fixed core screwed fast to the bedplate, (1)) a movable armature connected to the frame with which such magnet corresponds and which it serves to actuate, and (c) an energizing-coil or solenoid wound about a hollow tube and surrounding both the fixed core and the movable armature. When a current is passed through said energizingcoil, the inclosed core and armature become magnetized and attract each other. The effect of energizing one of the magnets D D D D is to cause said magnet to pull down upon the corresponding frame d, 01, d or 01 and the effect of energizing one of the magnets e e e e e e e e is to cause such magnet to pull down upon that end of the frame e, e, 5 e e e e, or c with which said magnet is connected, thereby'elevating the other end of said frame and the ends of the type-barconnected levers f f f f pin-jointed thereto.

The keys control the magnets before mentioned, closing their circuits. A separate key might obviously be employed for each of the magnets D, D, D and D and another separate key for each of the magnets E,- E,E E E E E and E in which case no letter could be printed except by the simultaneous depressing of'two keys,for no key acting singly would affect the type-bar. I have, however, contrived things in such a manner that a number of the most frequently-occuring letters of the alphabet (ten, with the construction illustrated in the drawings, constituting about seventy-six per-cent. of running letters) can be printed by the action of a single key, the other characters being produced by the simultaneous depressing of two keys; I employ in the construction figured in the drawings (a) three keys B, B and B, which serve to close the circuits, respectively, of the magnets D, D and D (1)) seven keys 0, C O O O O and G which serve to close the'circuits, respectively, of the magnets E, E, E E E E E, and E (0) a frame B, lying underneath the keys B, B and B which serves to close the circuit of the magnet B when any of the keys E, E E E E E or E is depressed and when no one of the keys B B B is depressed, which frame is acted on by any of the keys B, B and B when depressed, so that it breaks the circuit of its magnet D about the instant that the key B, B or B depressed closes the circuit of the magnet D, D or D corresponding to it, and (cl) I employ a frame 0, lying underneath the keys 0, O O O C 0, and C", which serves to close the circuit of the magnet E controlling the frame e, when any one of the keys B, B or B is depressed and when no one of the keys C, 0, C C C O O", or G is depressed, which frame is acted upon by any of the keys 0, O, 0 C C O O and 0 when depressed, so that it breaks the circuit of its magnet E about the instant that the key 0, C C C O O, or C depressed closes the circuit of the magnet corresponding to it. There is also a space-keyG, as before men- ICC tioned, and a rocking frame 15, the latter lying across all the keys, both those of the lefthandset and those of the right-hand set, which serves, when raised by the depressing of any key, to close the otherwise open battery-circuit; and by depressing a key, it may be well to say here, I mean the pressing down of the front end of it by the operator, which of course causes the rear part of the key which the frame 15 overlies to rise, thereby raising said frame 15.

' 1 It remains to describe the arrangement of the electrical circuits.

B is a battery or other suitable source of electric current, one pole of which is connected by a wire B with the metal shaft of the metal rocking frame 15, before mentioned. The other pole of said battery is connected through the space-magnet H hereinafter described, and the wire B with the contactlever B (which is centered at B,) and through said lever B with the adjustable contact-screwB Said adjustable contactscrew is connected by a wire B with each and all of the keys 0, O 0 G, 0 O 0", and C and with the frame 0. The connection between said wire B and said keys and frame may be made in any of the many ways well known to electricians. A convenient arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 4, in which the flexible wire B leads from the principal wire B to a contact-piece B screwed fast to the rear end of the key and carrying a platinum point B, adapted to make and break connection with a corresponding platinum point B carried by the contact-spring c c 0 (be. with which the key makes and breaks connection. These details-to wit, the flexible wire B and the contact-piece B screwed to the rear end of the key, with the platinum points B and B are omitted in the diagrammatic view Fig. 1, in which the key is for greater clearness and convenience of representation supposed to be (as it might well enough be if it were made of metal) itself connected with the battery B. The diagrammatic view Fig. 1 will be more readily understood in such simplified form than it would be if it attempted to show all the mechanical details of the wiring. Above the rear end of each of the keys 0, C C O C C and 0 respectively, and in make-andbreak relation therewith, is a contact-piece 0, c c c c c, or 0 With these contactpieces the keys of the C group make connection when depressed; but said keys 0', C C C C C and C do not, when in their normal position, make connection with the corresponding contact-pieces 0, c c c c c and 0 The frame 0, before mentioned, is centered at 0 being insulated from the main frame and placed underneath the O-group keys in such a position that no one of said keys can be depressed without depressing said frame, rocking it on its center rod. Immediately above the rear end of said frame is a contactpiece 0, with which said frame, when in its normal position, makes connection; but when said frame is depressed by the depressing of any of the keys 0 0 C 830., it breaks connection with its contactpiece 0. With each of the contact-pieces c, 0, c c c c c and 0 before mentioned, respectively, is connected one terminal of each of the magnets E, E, E E E E E and E respectively, which magnets, it will be remembered, serve to actuate the frames e, e, 0 e e e e, and Q respectively, and the other terminal of each of said magnets is connected with the wire B One pole of the battery B it has alreadybeen made clear, is connected with the metal center rod of the metal rocking frame 15, which frame, it will be remembered, overlies all the keys in such a position that when any key is depressed in front by the operator it rises behind and thus raises the rocking frame that is to say, tilts said frame upwardlyon its center. \Vhen thus tilted upwardly by the depressing of a key, said frame (connected, as before described, by the wire B with one pole of the battery B comes in contact with the spring B and establishes connection therewith. A wire 13 serves to connect said spring with each and all of the keys B,B ,and B and with the frame B. The connection maybe made in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4 with regard to wire 13 and key 0 or in any other suitable manner whatever. The details of wiring are not illustrated in Fig. 1, which is, as before said, a diagrammatic View, intended only to illustrate the essential features of the electrical system, without obscuring them by non-essential details, which every'designer arranges according to his own ideas. Above the rear end of each of said keys is a contact-piece 1), 12 or b with which the key,when depressed, makes connection; but the keys B, B and B (like the keys 0, C C C", O, C, and C do not when in their normal positions make connection with the contact-pieces b, 11 and b. The frame B,before mentioned,is centered at B being insulated from the main frame and placed underneath the keys B, B and B in such a position that none of said keys can be depressed without depressing said frame. Immediately above the rear end of said frame is a contact-piece b, with which said frame B, when in its normal position, makes connection; but when the said frame is depressed by the depressing of any of the keys B, B or B said frame breaks the connection with its contact-piece b. lVith each of the contactpieces I), 1), b and b respectively, one terminal of each of the magnets D, D, D and D ,respectively,is connected,which magnets, it will be remembered, control the frames d, d, 61 and 61 respectively, and the other terminal of each of said magnets D, D, D and D is connected with the same conductor B with which the non-contact-piece-connccted terminals of the magnets E, E, E E E E E and E (before mentioned as controlling the frames (2, e, 6 a e, 6 c and c are connected.

We are now in a position to explain the actions which take place upon the depressing of a key. It will be convenient first to explain those actions by which a letter is made and afterward to explain the construction and operation of the spacing mechanism by which the carriage is advanced, the releasing mechanism, whereby the type-bars are left free to retreat from the printing-point so soon as they make an impression, although the keys controlling them are still held down, and the retarding mechanism, by which the printing of one of the two letters which are made substantially simultaneously is delayed an instant to avoid possible interference of the types whengettin g into printing position, and other details of construction; but to explain the actions which take place upon the depressing of a key let us suppose the key B to be depressed. Said key, like all the other keys, when depressed by the operator in front of its center rises behind the center, thus tilting the frame 15 upwardly and establishing connection between one pole of the battery 13 and the spring 13 which is connected, it will be remembered,

by the wire B with the keys B, B B and the frame B. Moreover said keyB, like the keys B and B when depressed depresses the frame B, lying underneath said keys B, B and B breaking the electrical connection between said frame B and its contact piece b and magnet D. Lastly, said key B makes connection with the contact-piece b corresponding to it. The circuit of the battery 13 is now closed through the magnets D" and E. The current flows from the battery 13 through the wire B to the frame 15 and thence to the contact-spring B and from that through the wire 13 to the key B and thence to the contact-piece b, magnet D, controlling'the frame d, wire B magnet E, controlling the frame e, to the contact-spring 0, frame 0, wire B adjustable contact-screw B contact-lever B and wire B and from thence through the spacing-magnet 1-1 back to the other pole of the battery B The magnet B becoming thus energized its armature draws down that end of the frame 6 with which said armature is connected, thereby raising the other end of said frame 6, to which the levers f ff are pin-jointed. The magnet D becoming energized at the same time holds the frame d firm in its normal position, the magnet-connected arm 61 resting firmly down upon the stop, the type-bar-connected lever f underlying said frame 61, being thus afforded a fulcrum by said frame 01, tilts on said fulcrum as a center, its type-bar-connected end moving down as the end pinjointed to the frame e is moved up, and thus through the pull-down wire h said lever-f throws up the corresponding type-bar, so that the proper letter is printed. The other levers ff, pin-jointed to said frame 6, rise and lift the frames 61 and d which overlie them without at all affecting the type-bars with which said levers ff are connected.

The magnet B forms a parallel path to the main circuit hereinbefore traced of much higher resistance than the main circuit. Said magnet has one terminal connected with the wire B and the other with the spring B and it serves to break the main circuit by attracting the contact-lever B before mentioned, (which is made of soft iron and serves as the armature of said magnet E away from its normal position of contact with the adjustable contact-screw B thereby interrupting the main or working circuit, so that the magnets D and E lose their magnetism, and the various parts controlled by them return to their normal positions. B is made to stand normally such a distance away from its magnet B that the circuit is broken about the instant the type-bar strikes to print. By these means the type-bar is left free to retreat from the printing-point the instant that it strikes, without waiting for the keys to be released by the operator, which tends Very materially to increase the'possible speed of working and has also other important advantages. A contractile spring B urges The armature-lever the contact-lever B to its normal position of contact with the screw 13.

l/Ve have seen what takes place when the key B is depressed by itself alone. If either of the other keys of the B group were depressed by itself alone, similar actions to th osc above described would be produced; but the battery-circuit would now be closed either through the key B or the key B whichever was depressed, and thence through the contact-pieces b or 13 according to which key was depressed, to the magnet D or the magnet D so that the frame d? or the frame d would afford a fulcrum to the lever f underlying it, thereby printing the proper letter.

Now let us suppose oneof the keys of the C group to be depressed by itself alonesay the key This key, like every other key, when depressed in front of its center rises back of its center, thus tilting the frame-15 upwardly and establishing connection between one pole of the battery B and the spring B which is connected, it will be remembered, by the wire B with the keys B B B? and the frame B. Said key 0 also, like the other C group keys 0 C O O O and 0 when depressed depresses the frame C, lying underneath the C group keys, breaking the connection between said frame 0 and its contactpiece 0 and electromagnet E, and, lastly, said key 0 makes connection with the contactpiece 0 corresponding to it. the battery B is now closed through the magnets E and D. The current flows from the battery through the wire B to the frame and thence to the contact-sprin g B and from that through the wire B to the frame B and thence to the contact-piece b and magnet D,

.controlling the frame d, to the wire B magnet E, controlling the frame e, and so to the contact-spring 0, key 0, wire B adjustable contact-screw B contact-lever B and wire B and thence through the spacing-magnet H back to the other pole of the battery B The circuit of The ma net E becomin thus ener ized its armature draws down upon that end of the frame 6 with which said armature is connected, thereby raising the other end of said frame or lever e, to which the lovers f f f f are pin -jointed. The magnet D becoming energized at the same time, its armature holds the frame 01 firm in its normal position, with the arm (I resting down upon the stop 61 The type-bar-connected lever f underlying said frame 61, being thus afforded a fulcrum by said frame d, tilts on said fulcrum, its type-bar-connected end moving down as the end connected with the frame 6 is moved up, and thus through its pull-down wire h throws up the corresponding type-bar, so that the proper letter is printed. The other levers f ff carried by said frame 6 rise and lift the frames d, (1 and (1 which overlie them, without at all affecting the type-bars with which said levers f f are connected. At about the instant the type-bar makes its impression the releasing-magnet B serving forthe lefthand keys, breaks the circuit of the magnets D and E in the manner already described, thus leaving the various parts free to return to their normal positions.

If any of the other keys of the C group, as 0 C 0', C C or 0 be depressed by itself alone, the circuit will be closed through the parts already described up to and including the magnet D, controlling the frame 01, to the wire B and thence through the magnet (E E E E E or E as the case may be) corresponding to the key depressed to the contact-spring (c c c c a, or 0 as the case may be) corresponding to the key depressed, and so to the key (C C C C C or CT, as the case may be) depressed, and thence through the wire B and the rest of the path before described back to the otherpole of the battery B Each different key of the C group, it will be observed, affects a different one of the magnets E, E E E, E, E, and E thereby operating a different one of the frames 6, c c c c c and c and when any key of the Cgroup is depressed alone the circuit is closed through the frame B and the magnet D, which controls the frame d, which latter aifords a fulcrum to that particular one of the levers ffff, pin-jointed to the frame 6,62,O163, &c., operated by the key depressed, which underlies said frame d, while the other levers fff, pin-jointed to the frame (6, c e e e e, or c as the case may be) operated by the C-group key depressed, having no fulcrum in the center, move upon their points of connection with the pull-down wires 7L h as centers and raise the frames (1, 01 and d overlying them without in any wise affecting the corresponding type-bars. In like manner each of the keys B, B and B when depressed closes circuit through the magnet D, D or D which controls the frame d, 01 or d corresponding to the key depressed; and when any key of the B group is depressed by itself alone the circuit is closed through the frame 0 and magnet E, controlling the frame 6, which cooperates with the particular frame d, d or d affected by the B-group key depressed to print the proper character. Thus the frame 0, it will be seen, serves the function of a C-group key and enables the operator to print letters from the B-group keys, acting singly, without being to the necessity of depressing a C-group key to control a frame in the group of frames e,e,e 6 cf, 6 e,and c and in like manner the frame B, it will be seen, serves the function of a B-group key and enables the operator to print letters from the keys of the C group, acting singly, without being to the necessity of depressing a B- group key to control a frame in the group of frames (Z, (1, (P, and d Thus, while the printingof any character requires the coacting of two frames, one from the group of frames d, d, 01 and d and the other from the group of frames c, e, 6 c c e e, and 6 I make it possible, it will be seen, to print from each of the keys, acting singly, and thereby, with the arrangement figured in the drawings, I in fact make the ten most frequently occurring letters of the alphabet, being about three-quarters of running letters, by the action of a single key.

Let us now see how letters are made by depressing different combinations of keys. Two keys of the same B group, with the construction figured in the drawings, should not be depressed simultaneously, nor should two keys of the same 0 group; but any two keys depressed simultaneously and belonging one to the B group and the other to the C group make a dilferent character-a character pcculia'r to such combination of kcysfor when any two keys belonging one to the B group and the other to the C group are depressed simultaneously the circuit is closed through the magnet D, D or D as the case may be, corresponding to the B-group key depressed, and also through the magnet E, E E E, E E, or E, as the case may be, corresponding to the O-group key depressed. Thus the particular frame d, (P, or 01 as the case may be, corresponding to the particular B-group key depressed is made to coact with the particular frame e, 6 c c 6 c, or e as the case may be, corresponding to the particular C- group key depressed, and each different combination of two such coaciing frames affects, as we have already seen, a different one of the levers f f f and a different one of the type-bars Ct a and thus produces a different character.

The printing mechanism controlled by the left-hand set of keys has now been fully described. It remains to describe that controlled by the right-hand set of keys. In most respects the two are alike, as the drawin gs show. The type-bars a a, however, controlled by the right-hand keys, strike to the printing-point A, standing one letter-space to the right of the printing-point A, to which the type-bars ct a a, controlled by the keys of the left-hand set, strike. (See on this point Fig. 3.) The keys of the left-hand set serve, when two letters are produced simultaneously, to make the first letter of the simultaneouslyproduced pair of letters, and the keys of the right-hand set serve, when two letters are made simultaneously, to produce or make the second letter of such pair of simultaneouslyproduced letters. Hence the diiference in the location of the two printing-points A and A, serving, respectively, for the left-hand and right-hand sets of keys. frames (1, d, (P, and d c, 6, e c e c c and c magnets D, D, D andD, E, E, E E E E, E, and E, with the keys and electrical connections of the right-hand set, are preferably exactly like those of the left-hand set, as the drawings show, subject to certain differences in respect of the electrical connections,wl1ich will now be pointed out. The electrical connections of the left-hand set of keys and of the right-hand set of keys might indeed be made in every respect exactly alike; but for reasons which will appear clearly The levers ffff,

hereinafter it is advantageous to make certain differences between them, which I will now describe.

In constructing a type-writing machine it is advantageous to arrange matters in such a manner that the letters when printed will stand close togetherin the line, as in ordinary printed matter; but Where two letters are printed simultaneously by means of two type bars striking at the same time to adjacent printing-points it is obvious that without very delicate work the type-bars cannot be made always all of them to strike very close together without sometimes interfering, particularly after the joints have worn a little, as they inevitably do in practical use. It becomes necessary, therefore, to adjust the printing-points such a distance apart as admits of the free working of the bars of both sets without interference under ordinary circuinstances and allowing a little for the inevitable wear and loosening of the joints resultin g from practical use; but if We arrange matters so that one bar shall strike an instant before the other and retreat from the printing-point a short distance before the other reaches it it becomes possible to print the letters as close together as in ordinary typewriter work, and those imperfections in alinement which it is well known develop in the best machines in the course of time, as they are subjected to practicaluse, can exist Without the bars of the one set striking or becomin g entangled with those of the other set when two bars print together. I accomplish this result in the device illustrated in the drawings by making the circuits belonging to one set of keys a little slower acting than those of the other set of keys, so that, the keys of the two sets being depressed simultaneously, the type-bar operating belonging to one set strikes a little before that belonging to the other set, and in rebounding passes, at a little distance from the printing-point, where the bars diverge, the approaching type-bar of the other set, controlled by the slower-acting circuits of the other set of keys. In the drawings the circuits of the left-hand set, already described, are the quick-acting circuits, and the circuits of the right-hand set are the slowacting circuits, though of course the arrangement might be reversed. The circuits of the righ t-hand set in the drawings, Fig. ,1, are made slower-acting by putting a suitable selfinduction 25 of smallresistan cc and consisting of a coil wound about a mass of iron (which should preferably form a closed iron magnetic circuit) in the circuits of the right-hand set. The greater self-induction belonging to the circuits of the right-hand retards the rise of the current on closing. circuit, so that the typebars of the right-hand set begin to move an instant later than those of the left-hand set, and do not reach the printing-point (when the self-induction is properly adjusted to the circuit) until the left-hand-controlled type-bar has retreated a short distance therefrom. The

a short distancesay from half an inch to an inchbelow a horizontal line joining their centers, though of course a greater or a smaller retardation may be employed, as desired. In this way all interference between the type bars as they approach their closely-adjacent printing-points is avoided, without any practical loss in speed and without in any wise complicating the mechanism, and it becomes possible to print the letters as close together as desired.

The different keys and the different combinations of keys may be made to print the different letters and other characters in any order desired. In other words, to each key and to each combination of keys may be as signed such letter or other character as the constructor thinks fit. The principle is simple, the variations endless. Probably no two designers acting independently of each other would assign the various characters to the different keys in exactly the same order; but whatever planof assignment be pursued the whole arrangement should be in general such that the most frequently-occurring letters will be produced by the keys or combinations of keys most readily depressed, a regard being had to the normal position of the hand with reference to the various keys.

In making any desired arrangement one has only to remember the following simple rules: To produce any given letter by a given B-group key, acting singly, assign such letter to the type-bar connected with the particular lever f that is operated by the conjoint action of the frame e and the frame ('cZ,'(l or CF, as the case may be) controlled by such B- group key. To produce any given letter by a given O-group key, assign such letter to the type-bar connected with the particular lever j that is operated by the conjoint action of the frame at and the frame (6, c e e e e, or 2 as the case may be) controlled by such C-group key. To produce any given letter or other character by a given combination of two keys belonging one to the B-grou p and the other to the O-group, assign such character to the type-bar connected with the particular lever f that is operated by the conjoint action of the frame (61, (1 or d as the case may be) controlled by the B-group key belonging to such combination of keys and the frame (6, e e e e e, or 6 as the case may be) controlled by the O-group key belonging to such combination of keys.

The spacing mechwm'sm.-c is the spacerack, Fig. 5, attached to the carriage, so that it moves with it.

H is the dog-carrying lever, made in two parts adjustable with relation to each other, so as to bring the loose dog and the fast dog nearer together or farther apart, as required.

H is the fast dog, and H the loose dog.

II is a bridle-lever connected with the fast dog and carrying an adjustable stop H H is another lever carrying another adj ustable stop H Flanges H H, &c., screwed fast to the downward extension of the top plate A, serve to fulcrum the various levers above mentioned, the armature-levers hereinafter described, &c. II H are adjustable stops serving to limit the play of these levers.

H is a lever connected by a link H with the dog-carrying lever and carrying a stop H against which the loose dog H rests when all the parts occupy their normal positions.

The other mechanical parts will require no description.

H is the principal spacing-magnet. It is in circuit with the battery B (see Fig. 1,) so that when the circuit of said battery is closed the current flows through the wire of the magnet H. H is the armature of said magnet. hen the current flows through the magnet H it attracts the armature H which thereupon tilts the dogcarrying lever H, raising the fast dog H up into the teeth of the rack c and withdrawing the loose dog H from engagement with said rack, so that the loose dog when released from the rack moves under the influence of its contractile spring H until it is arrested by the stop H attached to the lever 11. The parts are all adjusted in such a manner that this movement of the loose dog is just sufficient to admit of the carriage making two letter-spaces, and when the current is cut ofi from the magnet H by the action of the magnet 13 upon its armature B in the manner before described, the armature 11 returns to its normal position, the fast dog is withdrawn from engagement with the rack 0 the loose dog is again brought into engagement with it, and the carriage, no

longer held back by the fast dog, moves on until it is arrested by the loose dog I-I coming in contact with the stop H so making two letter-spaces. This operation takes place whenever a printing-key or a plurality of printing-keys is depressed. At the end of a word a space is needed between it and the next following word to separate the two. If the word contain an odd number of lettersas three, five, or seven lettersand the letters be printed, as they should be, in pairs, as far as possible, beginning with the first pair of letters in the word and so continuing, pair by pair, the final letter will be printed by itself alone and the two letter-spaces made by the spacing mechanism, in the manner already described, will thus give, without any action upon a space-key, the necessary space at the end of the word; but in writing words containing an even number of letters the operator must make the space at the end. To this end the keyboard is furnished with a space-key G, which serves,.when acted upon by the operator, to make connection with the contact-piece g, which is connected through the auxiliary space-magnet 51 and the spaceenlarging magnet H with the spring B and thence through the frame 15 with the other pole of the battery 13 The key G is to be acted on by the operator simultaneously with the keys which make the last letters of a word, and when acted on it closes circuit through the space-enlarging magnet H and the auxiliary space-magnet 51. The action of the auxiliary space-magnet 51 upon the armature H and related parts is exactly the same as the action of the principal spacemagnet H before described. The space-enlarging magnet H when energized attracts its armature H, which carries the stop H down out of the way of the loose dog, so that the loose dog when freed from the rack 0 now moves under the influence of its spring H until it is arrested by the stop H which stop is so set that the enlarged movement which it permits to the loose dog is sufficient to permit a movementof the carriage of three letter-spaces, when the various parts return to their normal positions. In a word, the spacemagnets H or 51, either or both, with the armature H operate in the ordinary manner to actuate the spacing-dogs, and the space-enlargin g magnet I-I ,with its armature 11, operates to enlarge the space by increasing the movement of the loose dog.

H and H are contractile returning-sprin gs serving to return the dog-carrying levers and the armatures to their normal positions.

m is the paper-roll or platen; m, the frame of the paper-carriage; m the back rod, on which the carriage runs, and m theframe hinged to the carriage-frame and to which the space-rack e is attached.

In respect to the details of construction of the paper-carriage,thc arrangement of a shift (not shown in the drawings, being universally understood in the art) whereby the platen or paper-roll is moved from its lowercase position to its upper-case position, or Vice versa, the interlinear spacing mechanism, and the ribbon mechanism the machine illustrated in the drawings is intended to follow the details of construction well known to the public in the old Remington No. 2 machine; but none of these details forms any part of my invention and any suitable plan or construction whatever may be followed for them.

, It will be observed from the drawings (see particularly Fig. 4) that I place two types on each bar of each set. I prefer to place on twenty-six of the bars a a, &c., the twentysix letters of the alphabet, upper and lower case, and to place frequently-occurring marks of punctuation on the other bars of the seta a, and I prefer to place on twenty-six of the bars of the set a a, &c., lower-case letters in the lower case position, and figures, marks of punctuation, and other characters on the same twenty-six bars in the upper-case position. On the other bars of the set a a a any suitable characters whatever may of course be ICC; 

